AP Euro: The Hundred Years War

The war started in 1337
In 1204 King John signed away the English claim to lands in Normandy and Anjou.
Henry III signed the Treaty of Paris, giving all of Northern France away to the French in 1259.
The English did not give up Gascony though.

England could not respond to what was happening there because of fighting with the Scots.
France allied itself with the Scots to destabilize England.
Edward I was fighting the Scots, but then decided to challenge King Phillips right to the throne in France.
Edward declares himself king of France.
Edward III and the Black Prince

Edward III sees that many of the Fre
nch princes are dissatisfied with the monarchy at home so he lures them into his alliance.
There were raids back and forth between England and France at this time.
Edward III stroke a major victory at the city of Crécy, in 1346 followed by the successful siege of the city of Calais.
Edward's heir becomes known as the Black Prince.

He makes an attempt at taking Rheims, but they hold fast and they do not let the English
penetrate the city.
There is a treaty for the Hundred Years War called the Treat of Bretigny. . It said that the French should pay the British and for that Edward will step down from his claim to the French
throne.
By 1375, the French have a new king, Charles V. He and his great constable, Bertrand du Guesclin, succeeded in wresting from the English the greater part of the principality of Aquitaine.
But Charles V dies only 11 or so years into this.
Richard II is the new king
He nearly gained a permanent peace with France.
However, he winds up losing the kingship.
The rising aristocracies in both England and France look like they're going to plunge the countries into even deeper war.
In 1413, Henry V takes the British back into France for the purpose of ending the war.
Henry V meets the French at Agincourt in Picardy on October 25, 1415.
The English army is vastly outnumbered by the French.
Henry V gave a famous speech to his troops before fighting the French.
They defeat the French. It is one of the greatest victories in English history.
The battle of Agincourt does not completely end the 100 Years War, but it does greatly improve the moral of the English.
It is seen as the turning point of the war.
After the battle the French lose multiple cities to the English.
Henry VI dies and his uncle, the Duke of Bedford, takes up the leadership of the English in France.

The English would surround the town and burn the crops so that the people would not have any food.

Joan of Arc had voices in her head that told her to lead the troops against the English.

She convinces the French to take on the English in the Loire Valley.
She was a woman that a lot of people thought God was speaking through.
She was only 17 or 18 years old at this time. It is said that she had a lot of charisma, so even though she was a woman they let her lead the troops.
Ultimately, she was captured by the English

Henry VI of England and the French princess Margaret of Anjou were supposed to get married as part of the truce.
in 1449, an English force sacked and looted Fougeres in Brittany.
Charles VII declared himself no longer bound by the terms of the truce.
His forces overran Normandy during 1449-1450.
IN 1451 he repeated this success in Gascony.
on July 17, 1453, his army was defeated at Castillon and Talbot was killed.

Nationalism developed during the Hundred Years War.
No longer were people defined by their village or town. They were now defined by their king or queen and their country.
This is the beginning of modern Europe.

AP Euro