Monday, March 21, 2011
Friday, March 18, 2011
FRQ
2. Contrast Mazzini and Garibaldi's revolutionary views with those of revolutionaries in France.
French - people were very poor. revolting for change in way government was being run. revolted against the wealthy and the clergy.
Italy - Mazzini and Garibaldi's followers were in southern Italy. This area was also very poor. People wanted equality.
The French Revolution was an uprising of the impoverished people against the wealthy upper class and clergy in France, who ran the government. Mazzini and Garibaldi's revolution was for a democratic government, where all people were represented equally and there was universal male suffrage. Both groups were made up of poor, lower-class people and both wanted universal male suffrage; however, Mazzini and Garibaldi were uprising against a people from a geographic area for unification, rather than going against one specific person for a new government.
In France, the people were unified under one king. The French Revolution took place because the people were tired of being oppressed by their government. The people were led by a monarch,who did his best to make life prosperous for the wealthy, but did nothing for the poor. The French became violent and angry, rallying outside the gates of castles and seizing buildings where weapons and ammunition were stored. They wanted their voices to be heard in government, so that a new democratic government could be created.
Oppositely, the Italian revolutionaries of the south, were not unified with Northern Italy. Mazzini and Garibaldi represented these people of Southern Italy. Southern Italy was agricultural and the people who lived there were often poor farmers. Northern Italy, however, was very wealthy because there were many natural resources in the north that could be used to make goods. The followers of Mazzini and Garibaldi wanted to become unified with the North, but only if there could be universal male suffrage and if they could also receive some of the wealth that Northern Italy had.
The revolutionaries in French succeeded in their aspirations to get rid of their monarch and create a more democratic government, while Mazzini and Garibaldi did not. Mazzini and Garibaldi's revolutions failed because they did not have much power against the North who was allied with France and could easily overcome them. Their plans of becoming unified with Northern Italy did eventually occur, but their living situation and representation did not improve much. To this day, Southern Italy is still poor in comparison to the North. Universal male suffrage was accomplished, but the people of the north, being wealthier and well-educated, still held most of the power.
In conclusion, both the French revolutionaries and Mazzini and Garibaldi believed in universal suffrage for the people, but Mazzini and Garibaldi wanted unification between Northern and Southern Italy, unlike France who wanted to rid France of it's monarch. France did not need to be unified because it already was, rather it needed to remove itself from it's government.
French - people were very poor. revolting for change in way government was being run. revolted against the wealthy and the clergy.
Italy - Mazzini and Garibaldi's followers were in southern Italy. This area was also very poor. People wanted equality.
The French Revolution was an uprising of the impoverished people against the wealthy upper class and clergy in France, who ran the government. Mazzini and Garibaldi's revolution was for a democratic government, where all people were represented equally and there was universal male suffrage. Both groups were made up of poor, lower-class people and both wanted universal male suffrage; however, Mazzini and Garibaldi were uprising against a people from a geographic area for unification, rather than going against one specific person for a new government.
In France, the people were unified under one king. The French Revolution took place because the people were tired of being oppressed by their government. The people were led by a monarch,who did his best to make life prosperous for the wealthy, but did nothing for the poor. The French became violent and angry, rallying outside the gates of castles and seizing buildings where weapons and ammunition were stored. They wanted their voices to be heard in government, so that a new democratic government could be created.
Oppositely, the Italian revolutionaries of the south, were not unified with Northern Italy. Mazzini and Garibaldi represented these people of Southern Italy. Southern Italy was agricultural and the people who lived there were often poor farmers. Northern Italy, however, was very wealthy because there were many natural resources in the north that could be used to make goods. The followers of Mazzini and Garibaldi wanted to become unified with the North, but only if there could be universal male suffrage and if they could also receive some of the wealth that Northern Italy had.
The revolutionaries in French succeeded in their aspirations to get rid of their monarch and create a more democratic government, while Mazzini and Garibaldi did not. Mazzini and Garibaldi's revolutions failed because they did not have much power against the North who was allied with France and could easily overcome them. Their plans of becoming unified with Northern Italy did eventually occur, but their living situation and representation did not improve much. To this day, Southern Italy is still poor in comparison to the North. Universal male suffrage was accomplished, but the people of the north, being wealthier and well-educated, still held most of the power.
In conclusion, both the French revolutionaries and Mazzini and Garibaldi believed in universal suffrage for the people, but Mazzini and Garibaldi wanted unification between Northern and Southern Italy, unlike France who wanted to rid France of it's monarch. France did not need to be unified because it already was, rather it needed to remove itself from it's government.
Tuesday, March 15, 2011
Real Politik Terms
Terms
Real Politik the political manifestation of what was considered Realism
Real Politik the political manifestation of what was considered Realism
- The Crimean War
- 1853-1856
- Seems to have small consequences, but there are actually much bigger problems to come out of it.
- First war to be covered by journalists.
- First war to involve female nurses
- Rise of the field of medicine.
- 1853 - Nicolas I, czar of Russia, moves troops into Romania.
- At the time Romania was split into 2 provinces
- Moves the troops in under the guise that he will be protecting Christians in the Holy Land.
- Western Europe is not happy about this. They don't want Russian influences coming down this far into trade routes with the East.
- The French convince the Turks to resist the Russian encroachment. The French don't like the Turks, but they are more scared of the Russian's gaining territory than of the Turks, so they encourage the Turks to go to war with the Russians, which they do.
- War breaks out between Turkey and Russia in 1853. Britain and France join with the Turks against Russia.
- Europe and Turkey are allied and Britain and France are allied.
- Russians force the battle onto the Crimean Peninsula
- In the battle, Britain blocked off the Black Sea from the Mediterranean, so that the Russians could not get supplies from Turkey.
- Czar of Russia died in
- Alexander takes over and there is a treaty between him (Russia), Turkey/Britain/France
- Russia agreed that it would not leave it's own established borders even under the pretense of security for Christians in southeastern Europe.
- the two provinces in Romania are made independent states. They unify into Romania
- Alexander was not allowed any longer to put ships on the Black Sea.
- Alexander is an absolute monarch.
Monday, March 14, 2011
Romanticism FRQ
To what extent did Romanticism challenge Enlightenment views of human beings and the natural world and how did this challenge illustrate changes between the Enlightenment and Romantic views of the relationship between God and the individual?
People living in the Enlightenment period, also known as the Age of Reason, wanted to find answers to everything. There was an increase in scientific knowledge and there were more scientific developments. For example, there was an increase in the understanding of the human body and how it worked. The human person became thought of as a machine and not a soul. People of the Enlightenment wanted to know how things worked, instead of appreciating the beauty of the world. During the Enlightenment religion was still very important, but during Romanticism there was a loss of belief. Romanticism challenged the Enlightenment views of explanation and reasoning by advocating individuality, creativity, and delving into the unknown, especially through all types of art, but most importantly through poetry.
The Enlightenment period was all about being technical. In music, poetry, writing, science, etc, there was a technique or style that was almost like a set of guidelines for the people to follow. There was a great lack of creativity and imagination. Romanticism was the complete opposite of this. During the Romantic period people focused more on the emotional aspect of things. People broke out of the boundaries of the Enlightenment period and started to think for themselves. Paintings were no longer done on oil canvases, only portraying very stiff looking people, but were water-colored and full of movement. Music also became more emotional, with composers such as Beethoven, Brahms, and Chopin, writing music that was flowing and caused people to really feel something. Poetry was the most important way that Romanticism challenged Enlightenment views. Poets, such as Lord Byron and Keats expressed what was they really felt in their hearts, instead of something like a sonnet that all men had been expected to be able to write.
Lord Byron was considered a sex-symbol to the people of the Romantic time period. His poetry revealed passion and mysteriousness, that it made people curious. Lord Byron did not have a connection with God, unlike many Enlightenment people. He felt that God did not exist and that when people died that was the end of them. Because of his feelings on God, he decided that it was best to live life to the fullest. He had a wife, but he also had many female admirers who had been inspired and entranced by his poetry. He was unfaithful to his wife and he only cared about himself, but he did not see that as a problem because he did not believe in the morals that God and the Bible taught.
Keats delved into the unknown, especially with death. He had experienced death for the first time when he was eight-years-old and his father died. He then experienced death again when his brother and mother also died a few years later. His traumatic experiences with death haunted him for his whole life. What happens after death was unknown, and it still is today. This fascinated Keats and also scared him. Keats wrote poetry about death, questioning what comes next. Keats also wrote poetry about nature. He was fascinated by how beautiful the world was and what sort of higher being could have created such beauty.
Lord Byron's passionate poetry and Keats poetry about nature and death challenged the Enlightenment views of reasoning and explanation. Byron and Keats were in touch with their emotional side. They explored the mysteries of love, passion, life, and death, the opposite of the scientific ways of the Enlightenment.
People living in the Enlightenment period, also known as the Age of Reason, wanted to find answers to everything. There was an increase in scientific knowledge and there were more scientific developments. For example, there was an increase in the understanding of the human body and how it worked. The human person became thought of as a machine and not a soul. People of the Enlightenment wanted to know how things worked, instead of appreciating the beauty of the world. During the Enlightenment religion was still very important, but during Romanticism there was a loss of belief. Romanticism challenged the Enlightenment views of explanation and reasoning by advocating individuality, creativity, and delving into the unknown, especially through all types of art, but most importantly through poetry.
The Enlightenment period was all about being technical. In music, poetry, writing, science, etc, there was a technique or style that was almost like a set of guidelines for the people to follow. There was a great lack of creativity and imagination. Romanticism was the complete opposite of this. During the Romantic period people focused more on the emotional aspect of things. People broke out of the boundaries of the Enlightenment period and started to think for themselves. Paintings were no longer done on oil canvases, only portraying very stiff looking people, but were water-colored and full of movement. Music also became more emotional, with composers such as Beethoven, Brahms, and Chopin, writing music that was flowing and caused people to really feel something. Poetry was the most important way that Romanticism challenged Enlightenment views. Poets, such as Lord Byron and Keats expressed what was they really felt in their hearts, instead of something like a sonnet that all men had been expected to be able to write.
Lord Byron was considered a sex-symbol to the people of the Romantic time period. His poetry revealed passion and mysteriousness, that it made people curious. Lord Byron did not have a connection with God, unlike many Enlightenment people. He felt that God did not exist and that when people died that was the end of them. Because of his feelings on God, he decided that it was best to live life to the fullest. He had a wife, but he also had many female admirers who had been inspired and entranced by his poetry. He was unfaithful to his wife and he only cared about himself, but he did not see that as a problem because he did not believe in the morals that God and the Bible taught.
Keats delved into the unknown, especially with death. He had experienced death for the first time when he was eight-years-old and his father died. He then experienced death again when his brother and mother also died a few years later. His traumatic experiences with death haunted him for his whole life. What happens after death was unknown, and it still is today. This fascinated Keats and also scared him. Keats wrote poetry about death, questioning what comes next. Keats also wrote poetry about nature. He was fascinated by how beautiful the world was and what sort of higher being could have created such beauty.
Lord Byron's passionate poetry and Keats poetry about nature and death challenged the Enlightenment views of reasoning and explanation. Byron and Keats were in touch with their emotional side. They explored the mysteries of love, passion, life, and death, the opposite of the scientific ways of the Enlightenment.
Monday, March 7, 2011
Friday, March 4, 2011
FRQ
Explain how the Industrial Revolution influenced the rise of conservative and liberal philosophies and explain how those philosophies competed with or related to nationalism in Greece and Germany.
Outline:
Industrial Revolution - increase in technology. factories. workers rights.
Conservatism - wanted things to remain as they were, with minority of richest and powerful people having all the say in government.
Liberalism - secular. wanted to represent all people and make equal rights for people.
The Industrial Revolution created even more disparity between the upper class and peasantry because the rich became richer and the poor became poorer. The poor underrepresented people wanted to have a say in the government because they were being mistreated and taken advantage of by the conservative governments to have a say in government, and the rich to wealthy and powerful leaders to be in full control of the government
The increase in disparity between the liberal poor and mainly conservative rich during the Industrial Revolution caused a rise in the liberal philosophy of equality and independence, especially in Greece and Germany.
The Industrial Revolution was a time of booming technology and growth. New machinery, such as the spinning jenny and cotton gin were invented, causing the production of textiles to be more efficient. Factories were then built, so that the production of items could be all in one pace and therefore more efficient. Rich people owned factories and the poor worked and lived in them. They had to work long hours and were barely paid anything because they relied on the factories to supply them with housing and food. The rich factory owners were also the government leaders, who made laws to keep the poor in oppression, so that they themselves could continue to make more money. This kind of treatment was going on throughout Europe, including countries like England, France, Russia, and Greece. The poor grew tired of being oppressed, so they rose up against the government and caused change. In England elections were held, bringing more liberals into the government. The liberals argued for workers rights and for universal suffrage.
Greece had been occupied and oppressed by the Turks. In the 19th century, a nationalist movement arose there because the Greeks had grown tired of having to live under the Turks rule. England, who was now more liberal, sided with the Greeks. England was allied with Russia and France. All three came together, signing the Treaty of London, which said that they were going to take Greece's side against the Turks. In 1832 the Greeks gained their independence from the Turks, thanks to the help of England, Russia, and France.
Germany had been left out of the alliance between England, Russia, and France. They felt that it was unfair for them to have no say in what was going on. This common agreement brought the people together, creating a new German nation. They decided that if they were not allowed to be apart of relations with the other countries, then they should be their own independent country.
The Industrial Revolution created a rise in liberalism that spread to countries, such as Greece and Germany, causing resentment and also unity between the major countries in Europe.
Outline:
Industrial Revolution - increase in technology. factories. workers rights.
Conservatism - wanted things to remain as they were, with minority of richest and powerful people having all the say in government.
Liberalism - secular. wanted to represent all people and make equal rights for people.
The increase in disparity between the liberal poor and mainly conservative rich during the Industrial Revolution caused a rise in the liberal philosophy of equality and independence, especially in Greece and Germany.
The Industrial Revolution was a time of booming technology and growth. New machinery, such as the spinning jenny and cotton gin were invented, causing the production of textiles to be more efficient. Factories were then built, so that the production of items could be all in one pace and therefore more efficient. Rich people owned factories and the poor worked and lived in them. They had to work long hours and were barely paid anything because they relied on the factories to supply them with housing and food. The rich factory owners were also the government leaders, who made laws to keep the poor in oppression, so that they themselves could continue to make more money. This kind of treatment was going on throughout Europe, including countries like England, France, Russia, and Greece. The poor grew tired of being oppressed, so they rose up against the government and caused change. In England elections were held, bringing more liberals into the government. The liberals argued for workers rights and for universal suffrage.
Greece had been occupied and oppressed by the Turks. In the 19th century, a nationalist movement arose there because the Greeks had grown tired of having to live under the Turks rule. England, who was now more liberal, sided with the Greeks. England was allied with Russia and France. All three came together, signing the Treaty of London, which said that they were going to take Greece's side against the Turks. In 1832 the Greeks gained their independence from the Turks, thanks to the help of England, Russia, and France.
Germany had been left out of the alliance between England, Russia, and France. They felt that it was unfair for them to have no say in what was going on. This common agreement brought the people together, creating a new German nation. They decided that if they were not allowed to be apart of relations with the other countries, then they should be their own independent country.
The Industrial Revolution created a rise in liberalism that spread to countries, such as Greece and Germany, causing resentment and also unity between the major countries in Europe.
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