AP Euro: 11/16/10

The Puritans declared war against signs of Romanism in the church.
Nobody noticed that Charles was married to a Catholic.
William Laud was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1633.
Laud was presenting his program as an order
If people tried to defy him, then they had to suffer the consequences.
By the mid 1630's Charles could see no obstacle in his way of making the 3 kingdoms in harmony.
Charles was Scottish.
Charles had become Scotland's very first absentee king and there would be a price to pay.
He believed that if one kingdom had bent to his will then the others would as well.
The British wars began on July 23, 1637 in Edinburgh.
People were angry with the prayer book that Charles had introduced.
Missiles were fired. The targets were the dean and bishop of the cathedral.
The Prayer Book riots were just the fuse.
British Wars began in 1637
Parliament gathered again by James I of England.
Covenant (the Scottish)

The 1640 parliament picked up exactly where it left off in 1629 when Charles had put it down.
This parliament lasted only 3 weeks before Charles once again suspended it.
Thomas Wentworth

The fighting with the Scots was a disaster.
Charles needed cash fast to recover.
He had to reopen parliament.
The people wanted parliament to be elected every 3 years, no parliament could be dissolved without it's own consent, and no taxes could be made without approval by parliament.
When Charles agreed it was the end of the absolute monarchy. Or was it?
Charles needed to kill Stratford to save himself from upheaval.
Stratford understood this. He was beheaded in order to save Charles.
With Stratford executed Irish Catholics felt unprotected against Protestant reprisals.
They attacked first to avoid being attacked.
Both sides were moving fast past any point of reconciliation.

English Civil War

During the spring and summer of 1642 people had to decide which side to take in teh war and how to justify their decision.
By the time the royalist army arrived at hill their prospects had grown.
The royalists were commanded by Prince Rupert.
Roundheads = English middle class

Peasants sided with nobles because they would always be peasants and they had nothing to lose except their employers (the nobles).

tried to reverse his defeat and turn other parties (Scots, Parliament, military) against each other.

Review

James fought with parliament, especially the Puritan members.
James preferred the hierarchy of bishops that continued in the Anglican Church. He needed the hierarchy of bishops to maintain control over England.
When James I dies, his son, Charles I, becomes king.
Like his father, he believes in the Divine Right of King, needs money, supports Anglican Church, and is against Puritans.
In 1628 Charles the Petition of Rights.

No one should be compelled to pay any tax or loan without the consent of parliament.
No one can be put into prison without the due process of law.

Sings it in return for money.
William Laud (Archbishop of Canterbury) wants to turn Church of England into a non-papal Catholic Church.
Laud wants the Bishopry and hierarchy of the Catholic Church, but he doesn't want the pope.
In 1639 Laud tries to impose the English book of prayer onto the Scottish Presbyterians.
Called the Prayer Book Riot
Scottish didn't appreciate that, and a war starts.
Charles needs funding for this war.
1640-1648 we have the Long Parliament.

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