AP Euro: Restoration England

Restoration England - Restore the Stuart line after Cromwell

Cromwell's vanities were stripped away and he became more religious.
Cromwell sensed that God had a special service for him.
He reformed his life.
He went to war with no military experience. His sense of divine appointment made him confident.
Charles was an imperishable martyr.
Charles II was waiting for his call from exile in France.
Cromwell wanted to take power from the Papacy.
Charles' execution was going to be a sacrifice.
The Levelers wanted to level the field for all classes of people.

Leveler women grouped together to help their husbands.
The women wanted to be seen as regular people in society and were very revolutionary.

Oliver got a degree in law at Oxford.
The target of Cromwell's march through blood was an army of royalists holding out on Ireland.
At least 3,000 Irish soldiers were butchered under Cromwell's orders, most of them after they had surrendered and been disarmed.
Cromwell treated Ireland like the primitive colony he thought it was.
He moved the Irish off their land and used it as payment to his soldiers.
Charles II was invited to be Ireland's king.
Charles II ran away, after a battle until he could be smuggled out of the country.
When Cromwell came back to London he was an English Caesar.
Cromwell turned Great Britain into a Republic.
Parliament and Cromwell were against each other. Cromwell accused Parliament of being unjust.

Cromwell was striking out against the Commonwealth.
Power would have almost been given to Cromwell, but he refused, claiming that he was working for God.
Cromwell could have ceased power but he wasn't working for himself. He was working for God.
He was king in all, but name.
His hope was for a settling.
He did not know which direction to take the country.
England was being put back together by returning to it's original ways.
Cromwell let his major generals go to work.
The major generals were employed by Cromwell to shut down everything happening in his country.
The Protectorate

Cromwell opened a new chapter of Anglo-Jewish history.
Cromwell could never shake off his sense of unworthiness. This is what saved him and England from a dictatorship.
Real dictators believed they were God. Cromwell believed that he worked FOR God.
Sept. 3 1668, Cromwell died, while an immense black tempest was ripping over England.
The old wives said that it was "the devil coming for his soul."
Great Britain had religious freedom.
George Monk: a royalist in the civil war.

Charles the II came to the throne because England needed a successor to Oliver Cromwell.
People of high treason were punished by being drawn and quartered.
Drawn and quartered - They were ritually hanged (almost to the point of death), emasculated, disembowelled, beheaded and quartered (chopped into four pieces).
Charles II

He came back to London joyfully and triumphantly.
He was crowned on April 23, 1661.
Even before he was crowned there were people looking for revenge against him because of problems they had had with his father.
January 1661 - the remains of Cromwell were dragged out of his tomb and tortured.
The "Cromwellians" worried that the new ruling power would not be good for them.
The Restoration restored the sovereignty of the country.
Charles was a reasonable Stuart king.
Summer of 1664, a comet appeared in the sky of England.
The people believed that this was a bad sign.
A year later the Bubonic Plague hit England.
During the plague, one out of every six Londoner died.
September 2nd, 1666.

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