11/10/10 Notes

• In 1603 England and Scotland came together. 
• James Stuart was James VI of Scotland. When he becomes King of England he becomes James I of England. 
• James believes that there should be an absolute monarchy. This causes a strained relationship between him and Parliament. 
• England and Scotland tore each other apart through civil wars. 
• Charles I of England was the second son of James I. 
• In the end there would be a united Britain, but not a united kingdom, a united republic. 

The British Wars

• They were wars of ideas. 
• Should people be governed by their own consent or by God?
• http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Early_Stuarts_and_the_Civil_War.htm
• The Gunpowder Plot
• Guy Fawkes
• The Rise of the Puritans
• The Puritans did not get along with James
• James was Protestant, but he believed that they were too radical. 
• The King James Bible
• 17th Century translation of the Bible into English
• Still used by many Protestants 
• High points of English literature in the 17th Century
• Charles I
• Son of James I.
• Continues his fathers policies, as well as his father's harsh relationship with parliament. 
• Fought with Parliament over the right to levy taxes. 
• parliament responded with the Petition of Right in 1628. 
• Ship Money
• a tax that previously applied only to ports.  
• In 1634, Charles attempted to levy "ship-money"
• Parliament is dissolved and reinstated. 
• Civil War
• Parliament was making demands that the king refused to meet
• The nobility and the peasantry supported the king, but the middle class was against him. 
• The middle class was against him because they could stand to lose or gain money depending on their business
• They will never be part of the nobility, but they could lose all their money and become peasants. 
• The peasants can't become any lower than they are. 
• They peasants depend on the nobility for their survival, so they are on the nobles side. 
• Roundheads 
• Parliamentary troops
• supported by the middle class
• Cavaliers
• The King's army
• supported by nobility and peasantry 
• Oliver Cromwell
• New Model Army
• Marston Moor
• The death of a king

• These wars were the crucible of our modern history. 
• Charles believed that kings were little gods on earth. 
• He would only listen to the people when he felt it was necessary
• Money triggered the countdown to the civil war. 
• England declared war on Spain which used up much of their money. 
• Charles wanted to be a Christian warrior. 
• Henry Stuart was the older brother of Charles and he died young. 
• The first son of James I
• His little brother Charles I takes his places as king. 
• King Charles dismissed Parliament. 
• Charles was forced to call another Parliament because he ran out of moeny again.